Lenin and Philosophy Essay

The pictures scattered through this archive endeavor to give a case of how ladies are methodicallly expelled from their games settings, and put inside a more feminized or sexualized way. Thusly, we can perceive how again and again, in the pictures of Chynna Doll, Kristina Korneacouvia and others are utilized further dig in the socio-social guidelines which place inside a constrained and static sex job. The pictures delineated all through this paper are away from of Mulvey’s â€Å"male gaze† worldview. In the majority of these photos the competitor was expertly made up. Their hair was styled in the breeze blown look regularly utilized on models, they wore cosmetics, and they were each wearing explicitly intriguing, uncovering apparel. In doing as such, the media demonstrations inside the worldview of authority by sending blended messages. Especially, sports magazine may appear to depicting female competitors in a positive light, yet there is a steady trivialization of the genuine presentation in sports. This permits those that keep up the power and make the principles to permit ladies a constrained job, while all the while keeping up the all-unavoidable social transcriptions on the job of ladies as latent articles inside a male overwhelmed society. In this light, ladies in sports publicizing are ladies first and competitors second. The norm of sex chain of command is kept up by suppressing pictures of resilient ladies, while at the same time re-encoding ladies as sexual items. The 1996 Olympics carried a lot of progress to female competitors. Numerous defenders of women’s rights and equity in sports however this denoted the last acknowledgment of ladies in the games field. Women’s sports magazines thrived during this time also. Sadly, in spite of the athletic accomplishment on the playing felid and an expansion inclusion in the media, the media delineated ladies in less dynamic rolls, as a rule demonstrating them in their home and family settings, or wearing their sports equipment in a provocative manner. In this sense, ladies are permitted to take an interest in sports, yet the fundamental message is one that keeps the setting of ladies in the household and sexual field. This is a further entrenchment of the previously mentioned ideological authority of male predominance. Moreover, this reality strengthens the predominant social request that obtrusively sexualizes the female experience of achievement and legitimacy in the games field. Ann Balsmo (1996) in her Technologies of the Engendered Body, talks about this wonder, expressing â€Å"To be both female and solid today disregards conventional codes of ladylike personality. Any endeavor to recreate the body is transgressive out by utilizing signifiers of hyper-womanliness. † Herein lies the quintessence of this investigation; ladies today are gotten inside the conventional structure of male-ruled authority and the propagation of this mastery through the against the ‘natural’ personality of the female body. The offense is adjusted vehicle of the broad communications. Through the light of social and individual revelation, it is currently an ideal opportunity to reclaim these customarily held force jobs, permitting a woman’s body and physical achievements to be as deserving of legitimacy and open acclaim as those of her male partners. Works Cited Althusser, Louis. Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. (Online adaptation) Balsamo, Anne. Advances of the Gendered Body. Duke Univ. Press, 1996. Blinde, E. , Greendorfer, S. , and Shanker, R. (1991). Differential media inclusion of men’s and women’s intercollegiate b-ball: Reflection of sexual orientation philosophy. Diary of Sport and Social Issues 15, 98â€114.

Einstein Essay Example

Einstein Essay Example Einstein Essay Einstein Essay Exposition Topic: End of the world Now Einsteinian idea of room time 1.0. Presentation Reflections on the idea of time started with the inquiries regarding its temperament of presence. In spite of the fact that numerous issues are identified with the idea of time, these issues will be more in the epistemological domain and less in the ontological level. Time is the essential class of existence,â„ ¢ composed Heidegger, alluding unquestionably to time. Time is the prompt datum of consciousness,â„ ¢ said Bergson. Time, for Kant, is the formal from the earlier state of all appearance whatsoever.â„ ¢ Aristotle characterized time as the quantity of movement in regard of previously and after.â„ ¢ St. Augustine, when gotten some information about time, presented: What, at that point, is time If nobody asks me, I know; on the off chance that I wish to disclose to him who asks, I know not.â„ ¢ In his book A Sense of Time Vatsyayan clarifies perfectly, the various musings about time. Typically when someone says to us you missed gathering him; he was hanging tight for you long time. At that point I may ask, when did he goâ„ ¢ The appropriate response can be: he came at 12 oâ„ ¢ clock and went a few seconds ago; he more likely than not arrived at the street intersection. Here my inquiry was about time, yet the appropriate response was identified with space and separation for example 12 oâ„ ¢ clock is the point at which the little and large metallic pointers in the clock meets at 12, which is a spatial portrayal and street intersection (from the house)â„ ¢ is separation. Standard utilization of time is absent a lot of issue gave we have a watch or clock and we realize how to state it. This experiential perspective offers ascend to the philosophical angles when we plunge profound into the stream of time. It is fascinating to cite Kant here Time is perfect, however t he idea of time isn't gotten from sense experience alone[further] Kant demands that all conceivable information on objects must be attached to and obliged by sense experience.â„ ¢ 2.0. What is Time An inquiry we by and large pose and effectively find the solution promptly is whatâ„ ¢s timeâ„ ¢ But in the event that someone gazes at us when the inquiry is posed to he should be a logician. For a long time individuals accepted that time was basically cyclic in nature, yet later time supplanted with the straight movement estimated by the clock (however the time appeared in the clock is roundabout) and schedule ( which is by all accounts direct). The issue of time has the two perspectives: 1) As it is lived by man, regardless of whether straight or roundabout. 2) In its connection to its reality, regardless of whether it is endless, limitless or relative. In any case, we can't escape from time. That might be the motivation behind why the 3-dimensional experience of room was included with one more element of time to make it four-dimensional encounters. So what will we say Time streams in us or we stream in time Be it round or straight, time isn't at all static. Assuming at that point, we are constantly up to speed in the inquiries, if time is so much between identified with oneâ„ ¢s life what it isâ„ ¢ What is the second which consistently escapes from us What is the connection between the not, at this point over a significant time span What is the connection between not-yet-future and present Because they mistook the coherent for interminable the early savants saw that in each activity of the insight we distinguish an endeavor to suspend and even to smother time. This obliged them to look down individual inclination, moving, suffering component in people to nothingness and to consider everlasting life as a coherent life retained in the thought of solidarity. 2.1. Greek perspective on Time Greeks, however they put stock in the cosmo-driven universe, had a decent information in stargazing. They had a repeating perspective on time by which they don't thought anything new can be presented onto earth. For them, Plato would be conceived again and educate in a similar school in Athens where he once instructed. As a circle can't have a start and an end, so as the repetitive time can't have beforeâ„ ¢ and afterâ„ ¢. The time was infiniteâ„ ¢. For them, the idea of time and the recurrent development of stars were connected. The universe was an impression of the celestial. The mystical necessaries goodness, truth and excellence are available known to man. The grandiose request is the note of an all inclusive ensemble of harmonyâ„ ¢. Aristotle in his cosmological perspectives thought about that there are seven circles in this universe and in the eighth circle is the unaffected mover. This view was additionally a teleological one, for we originated from him and at last moving to him. In any case, the logical inconsistency seen here is that how from this repetitive time † where occasions show up, vanish and return † do we go out 2.2. The Christian Concept of Time Christianity washed away the Greek idea of patterned time. While for Greeks time was reversible and come up short on the idea of teleology, the Christian idea of straight time depended on the firm faith in the Bible, and was irreversible. From the times of Jews of the Old Testament individuals were searching for the Messiah and after the Messiah had arrived at the Christians accept that they were liberated from the subjugations of wrongdoing. The historical backdrop of manifestation of Christ is the focal point of the redemptive history of the Christians. There was a period ran before the introduction of Jesus. St. Augustine pronounced Christ kicked the bucket, for the last time, for our transgressions. There is a straight time running in the Bible from the main section of Genesis to the last part of the Apocalypse, which depicts the salvation of humankind by the redemptive misery, demise and restoration. The time runs in a straight procedure from the main fall of man. This is certifiably not a recurrent one, rather the endowment of life given to him just a single time. Time as straight and irreversible consistently pushes ahead one way. It had a start, anyway remote, and an end, anyway far off. Presently the time, as straight and irreversible has a direction and significance which it didn't have in patterned and reversible time. 3.0. Foundation of Einsteinâ„ ¢s Relativity Theory Each man is impacted by a few or other outside impacts, regardless of whatever field it might be. Researchers are not a special case for this. Einstein had far to go numerous hundreds of years back. Let us see the various people and ideas which went about as venturing stones for the achievement of the Einstein of today. 3.1. Geometry There will be 101 inquiries regarding any hypothesis. At the point when these epistemological inquiries are replied by demonstrating that the hypothesis is clear or plainly obvious by reason, it is with fulfillment we acknowledge that the hypothesis has a balanced portrayal of the world. Such a sort of plainly obvious hypothesis is geometry and science. Indeed, even in geometry there are various geometries which have distinctive clarification. 3.1.1. The Development of Euclidean Geometry It is intriguing to take note of that before the start of extraordinary period of Greek way of thinking there was a very precise information on a wide scope of Geometric truth. The Greek mathematicians have treated numerous issues like consistency of plane figures, division of points into two halves, etc. The best heft of their precise information was in the investigation of plane figures limited by portions of straight lines. One of those old geometries was shaped by Euclid (c. 300 B.C). These outcomes like the total of inside holy messengers of a triangle is equivalent to a straight angleâ„ ¢ and that the square of the length of hypotenuse of a correct triangle is equivalent to the whole of the squares of the lengths of its sidesâ„ ¢ are natural to younger students. The early Greeks believed that this universe was a ceaseless plane. This might be the motivation behind why Euclid more likely than not constructed geometry of plane figures limited by portions of straight lines. His geometry comprised of an arrangement of hypotheses consistently derived from five sayings and five proposes. Euclidean geometry determined the properties of Euclidean space and these properties were thought to be sensibly sure. Thus, normally what happened was that the logicians who trailed Euclid took this geometry to be legitimately evident. In this manner was the idea of reality made by the Greeks, medieval just as old style physicists. The five adages and five proposes are just suppositions which are not demonstrated, however taken to be valid. From them remaining truth of geometry are derived. What connection does these proposes and maxims hold isn't at all reasonable. The structure (not the first type) of the sayings and proposes for our motivation is given underneath. Adages 1. Things equivalent to something very similar are equivalent to one another. 2. Equivalents added to rises to yield rises to 3. Equivalents expelled from rises to yield rises to 4. Correspondent figures are equivalent to each other in all regards 5. An entire is more prominent than any of its parts. Hypothesizes 1. Two focuses decide a straight line. 2. A straight line might be stretched out in an orderly fashion in either heading. 3. About any point a hover at a predetermined sweep exists. 4. OK points are equivalent 5. On the off chance that a straight line falling across two straight lines makes the entirety of the inside points on a similar side under two right edges then the two straight lines converge, if adequately reached out, on that side. An obvious end result from the fifth propose was that through a point outside a given line one and only one (equal) line can be drawn which doesn't meet the given line, regardless of how far it is expanded. 3.1.2. Non-Euclidean Geometries During the nineteenth century two mathematicians, George Friedrich Benhard Riemann (1826-1866) and Lobachevski proposed two unique geometries for two hypothetical spaces. The issue was lying in the fifth propose. What's more, them two discredited and proposed another conceivable hypothesize. Riemann hypothesized that through a point outside a given line no equal line can be drawn and the lines will meet sooner or later. Lobachevski, on other hand, proposed that through a point outside a given line limitlessness of

Ruminations and room-inations

Ruminations and room-inations The past year in retrospect is a telescoping compression of proper time, collapsed into a high-speed parody of months that used to stretch ahead like infinite corridors. A year ago: I tried/ditched required orientation events that turned out to be either unrequired or just plain disorienting, suffered the raw heat of August sunlight during Susan Hockfields forehead-burning welcome speech, and stockpiled free sandwiches as if mankind would tomorrow lose the ability to put food between slices of bread. “Year” becomes a travesty of pigeonholing the mess of time spilling between then and now, where I sit in my cardboard box-strewn dorm room typing in wrist-straining postures that echo contours of a white squarish sofa without legs. It has no legs because I found it one year ago in a dark alley, lying as if itd been mugged by a gang of unrepentant hardwood tables in a bad neighborhood unreformed by Ikea. (Alright, so I stretched the imagery a bit to claim the first Google search hit for “unreformed by Ikea.” My goal for the upcoming academic year is to expand into as much unexplored Google search territory as possible without becoming so incomprehensible that I sound like James Joyce editing Wikipedia. Think of it as like Manifest Destiny for my blog.) Anyway, the fact that Ive used a legless couch as a bed and a chair as a desk in the past 2 days is a reliable sign that my standards for dorm room furniture have become practically nonexistent after one year at MIT. Ive also quit using alarm clocks, blankets, desk lamps, flat sheets, television, radios, lined paper, and vegetables*. Life changes fast. My excuse for mentioning this is nothing more poetic than the fact that I slept 1 hour and 50 minutes last night, and, furthermore, I strongly believe that there is wasabi powder in my eye. The latter conviction is so compelling that I am trying to finish this blog entry as fast as I can so that I can spend the next hour blinking furiously. *Just kidding, mom. I leave you with an exhibition of Roomstalker Haiku, hereby defined as the trans-media art of secretly taking photographs of other peoples rooms while theyre moving in/out and posting them on the Internet with captions written in haiku form. It might not be hot territory as far as unclaimed Google search hits go, but Im probably in denial already anyway. Part I: Random Hall Freshman year double Color of photoshopped seas Walls made me thirsty. (My room last year) Knock, knock. Whos there? Orange. Orange who? Orange you sure that “orange” Isnt two syllables? (Jing 10s room, across the hall from mine) My room seeks company Of polysyllabic friends. Refrigerator. (My room for Fall 09) Part II: pika Refraction mural Want to ask Pink Floyd, why is The prism opaque? This room makes the worst Maze ever. Itd be nicer If the walls were maize. Jessicas hovel Looks like Harvard Square bookstore Just add bad coffee. Who cares if the walls Appear to be mattresses? Look, its a skylight! I once owned some pants A worthy match for these walls. I was six months old. Post Tagged #pika #Random Hall

Overview of the Basics of Probability

Probability is a term we are relatively familiar with. However, when you look up the definition of probability, youll find a variety of similar definitions. Probability is all around us. Probability refers to the likelihood or relative frequency for something to happen. The continuum of probability falls anywhere from impossible to certain and anywhere in between. When we speak of chance or the odds; the chances or odds of winning the lottery, were also referring to probability. The chances or odds or probability of winning the lottery is something like 18 million to 1. In other words, the probability of winning the lottery is highly unlikely. Weather forecasters use probability to inform us of the likelihood (probability) of storms, sun, precipitation, temperature and along with all weather patterns and trends. Youll hear that theres a 10% chance of rain. To make this prediction, a lot of data is taken into account and then analyzed. The medical field informs us of the likelihood of developing high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, the odds of beating cancer etc. The Importance of Probablity in Everyday Life Probability has become a topic in math that has grown out of societal needs. The language of probability starts as early as kindergarten and remains a topic through high school and beyond. The collection and analysis of data have become extremely prevalent throughout the math curriculum. Students typically do experiments to analyze possible outcomes and to calculate frequencies and relative frequencies.Why? Because making predictions is extremely important and useful. Its what drives our researchers and statisticians who will make predictions about disease, the environment, cures, optimal health, highway safety, and air safety to name a few. We fly because we are told that there is only a 1 in 10 million chance of dying in an airplane crash. It takes the analysis of a great deal of data to determine the probability/chances of events and to do so as accurately as possible. In school, students will make predictions based on simple experiments. For instance, they roll dice to determine how often theyll roll a 4. (1 in 6) But they will also soon discover that it is very difficult to predict with any kind of accuracy or certainty what t.he outcome of any given roll will be. They will also discover that the results will be better as the number of trials grows. The results for a low number of trials is not as good as the results are for a large number of trials. With probability being the likelihood of an outcome or event, we can say that the theoretical probability of an event is the number of outcomes of the event divided by the number of possible outcomes. Hence the dice, 1 out of 6. Typically, the math curriculum will require students to conduct experiments, determine fairness, collect the data using various methods, interpret and analyze the data, display the data and state the rule for the probability of the outcome. In summary, probability deals with patterns and trends that occur in random events. Probability helps us to determine what the likelihood of something happening will be. Statistics and simulations help us to determine probability with greater accuracy. Simply put, one could say probability is the study of chance. It affects so many aspects of life, everything from earthquakes occurring to sharing a birthday. If youre interested in probability, the field in math youll want to pursue will be data management and statistics.

Satire in Tartuffe and Modest Proposal - 1560 Words

Charles Crespo Professor Margaret Hazell ENG 2850 9 April 2013 What is satire, satire is a particular genre of literature that sometimes makes use of graphic and performing arts with the intent of ridiculing society into self-improvement. With social criticism being its main goal, it utilizes wit and dark sarcasm as its main tools to illustrate its point. Satire influences individuals to reevaluate themselves in order to modify senseless thoughts and behaviors. Various techniques are used in order to deliver a satirist effect, those of which house wit as their main weapon. These methods harmonize the mastering of coexisting trivial and serious matters as one sarcasm, showing praise but meaning the contrary to demonstrate irony, and†¦show more content†¦Nothing comes in the way of increasing profits and becoming more financially conservative, as well as simultaneously resolving issues with the homeless. Swift’s satirist methods seep in as he reaches out to the Irish by highlighting the dreadfulness of the situation, and more impor tantly how little is being done to improve it. No particular social class was held solely responsible, as it was found to have affected as high up as politicians to the lowest class. If one were to dissect this message, it demonstrates criticism aside from the Irish but overall it satirizes the incompetence mankind has in resolving our own issues. Swift is consistent with producing underlying statements that make appearances throughout the essay. These remarks shed light on his resentment towards the incompetence that we all possess. First of, Tartuffe, which in French mean â€Å"ou l’Imposteur† (the hypocrite), remains one of the most entertaining play on human greed and manipulation ever the innocent. It was created by Molià ¨re to discuss the current social scene of the time by criticizing those who use religion for their own gain. Molià ¨re accomplishes this comic effect with his style and language of the play, dedicated to exposing follies of society; his plays use a variety of techniques that have become the gold standard of comic writing. For example, â€Å"And I’m to be as quiet as a mouse, about this tyrant’s power in our house.† (Tartuffe, 145) This causes his audienceShow MoreRelated Satire in Moliere’s Tartuffe, Voltaire’s Candide, and Swift’s A Modest Proposal931 Words   |  4 Pages The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines satire as: â€Å"literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn.† Besides this definition satire can also be seen as the particular literary way of making possible the improvement of humanity and its institutions. In the three works: Moliere’s â€Å"Tartuffe,† Voltaire’s â€Å"Candide,† and Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal† the authors indirectly criticize and ridicule human behavior and characteristics but with the goal for improving these faults ratherRead MoreThe Enlightenment: An Incredible Change1163 Words   |  5 Pagesthe concept of â€Å"Satire†, such as verbal, situational, and dramatic irony to depict their message across. In literature, one of the components of satire is verbal irony which occurs when the author depicts his message to the readers indirectly and uses sarcasm to prove his argument. For instance, â€Å"Tartuffe† a famous play written by Moliere depicts the life of a religious hypocrite who scams people while using religion as a cover. In the play, many family members recognized Tartuffe as a religiousRead MoreA Modest Proposal On Satire1239 Words   |  5 PagesSatire is a specific classification of writing that occasionally makes utilization of realistic and performing expressions with the aim of scorning society into self-change. With social criticism being its fundamental objective, it uses dark sarcasm as its primary device to get the point across. Satire impacts people to reconsider themselves so as to alter senseless thoughts and behaviors. Different techniques are utilized in delivering the satirical impact, those of which use wit as their primary

The Farewell to Miss American Pie Free Essays

â€Å"Bye-bye Miss American Pie†. These words were now immortalized in the halls of music industry, and perhaps will be last tribute to the legendary era of ‘rock and roll’ and turbulent times of the 60’s. This song was created by Don McLean, and became phenomenal hit in 1971, charting almost four weeks on the billboards. We will write a custom essay sample on The Farewell to Miss American Pie or any similar topic only for you Order Now But there is more than saying goodbye to Ms. American Pie, which in itself is a symbol and image to the profound interpretation of the song. The message pierces more than a county boy strumming a guitar, or it speaks beyond the farewell to an unknown lady. Don McLean, in his official website, made interesting comments regarding the song. While he allowed the song to be interpreted in various lenses, he himself confessed that the song was an allusion to historical or factual events, people and places that his song discussed. Don McLean said, â€Å"I am very proud of the song, it’s biographical in nature, and I don’t think anyone has ever picked up on that, the song starts off with my memory with the death of Buddy Holly. But it moves on to describe America, as I was seeing it, and how I fantasizing it might become, its part of reality and part of fantasy but I’m always in the song as a witness, or even as a subject, sometimes in some verses† (Starry, Stary Night Video 2000, cited in www. don-mclean . com). Realizing that McLeans work is to be approached in autobiographical sense, the memories of his childhood his personal persuasions and feelings can be deduced. In the very first line, â€Å"A long, long time ago, I can still remember, how the music made me smile, and I knew If I had a chance, that I could make those people dance, and, maybe they’ll be happy for a while†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Miss American Pie lyrics). The persona in the song, was â€Å"I†, a first person point of view, bolstering the point of McLean that this is biographical. The persona clearly stated that it was his ‘memory’ and it was his wish to ‘make people smile and happy’ for a while. This simple statement speaks of a typical young man musician’s dream, his own wishful thinking. As also stated in his website, the song was openly dedicated to the death of Buddy Holly and his companions, who died in a plane crash. This tragic death, moved to illustrate the transiency of life, and wishes in that sense are to be as pure, as simply stating: â€Å"chance to make people dance and make them happy for a while†. Clear from the second and third stanza the descriptions were, â€Å"But February made me shiver†¦bad news on the doorstep, I couldn’t make one more step†. This alludes to the death of Buddy Holly, one of the prominent rock singers in the 60’s (RS, 2004). Their plane crashed in February 3, 1959, which shocked their audience of their untimely death. It could be said that the dedication of the song to Buddy Holly was not because he was a major contributor to the genre of McLean’s music, rather, it was a common knowledge that Buddy Holly was the pioneer of rock roll music, long before, Elvis Presley, and the Beatles invaded the long playing discs. But the death of Buddy Holly was more than the death of an individual, as the song suggests â€Å"This’ll be the day that I die†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The demise of Buddy Holly signifies the death of a young promising man, the death of dream, and the death of wishful thinking. Linking the first stanza, to the second and third, the dream of the persona, to live, to entertain, presented a harsh reality of transiency, of â€Å"non-permanence of things. Like the death of Buddy Holly, who may epitomize the budding career of an ambitious young man only to be interrupted by the fact that, death is no respecter of persons. The chorus lines, were repetitious saying â€Å"bye-bye Miss American Pie†. The seeming relevance of this allusion is the representation of American Pie, as the symbol of the â€Å"young and vibrant Americans†. As McLean admitted, â€Å"the song was written as my attempt at an epic song about America, and I used the imagery of music and politics to do that. Also, I was influenced by the Sgt. Pepper album, and the American Pie album was my attempt to do that, but the song totally overshadowed the album† (McLean, 2000, cited www. don-mclean. com). Thus, the â€Å"American Pie† is an image of America, and the persona’s attempt to picture the America as it strives to be, and it might become. But contrasting words will reveal that, if the persona illustrates â€Å"American Pie† as the young America, then why a bid of farewell? Is the persona, trying to say goodbye to future America has? Again, it can be viewed skeptically, the young dream, as mentioned earlier, the wishful thinking must not be allowed to vanish, it must move, it must sojourn. The next lines driving the chevy, â€Å"but the levee was dry†, this illustrates the life of the young America to rise, go or, to go farther, or move on. But the dry levee was said to illustrate the painful realities of life as we move along. Even driving oneself to that dream, the levees of experiences and circumstance would always be dry. A realism is seem to be presented, that life is not a bed of roses, rather it was a long winding trip to the end. The melancholic lines continuously read: â€Å" The good’ol boys were drinking, whiskey and rye, saying this’ll be the day that I die†¦Ã¢â‚¬  . Presenting the realistic point of view, the good old boys verbalized the promising young people, yet with the painful realities, they have succumbed to the defeatists attitude of lurking themselves, as pictured by the words, â€Å"drinking, whiskey and rye†. The drinking symbolizes solitary, loneliness and isolation. This thought bolstered the point of death, and surrender by proclaiming â€Å"this’ll be the day that I die†. Two oppositions may come into the picture. First, wishful thinking and dreams versus the paralyzing truths of life, we may succumb to surrender and declare our defeat with our own death—demise of our dreams, our lives, our hopes. Yet, this could pose as challenge, that the farewell to Miss American Pie, may be a welcome to her—as we welcome the challenges and bitter moments in our lives with energy and courage. The song illustrates several allusions more to the music icons, the rage of politics, the America’s society, but this attempt is to illustrate the more profound meaning of the song, realization of life, and how do we deal with it. As said, we may live and fight be sad, and drink whiskey and rye to our own discontent or we may rise above the situation, and welcome our American Pie, with â€Å"Hi, Hi, Miss American Pie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  SOURCES: Don McLeans. Don McLean’s American pie. American Pie. com. 2007. May 29, 2007 http://www. don-mclean. com/americanpie. asp The Immortals: The First Fifty, Rolling Stone Issue, 946. Rolling Stones. April 15, 2004. Bressler, Charles. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1994 (please include the source in LA Times, the data is difficult to recover, LA Times, February 3, 1959. ) How to cite The Farewell to Miss American Pie, Papers

Dbq Mini Q Renaissance Hq Student Fi Essay Example For Students

Dbq Mini Q Renaissance Hq Student Fi Essay Ell Arguments in favor of a specialized education: Personal opinion: Do you feel that your educe action has been too specialized or not specialized enough? Explain. 0 2011 The DB project 33 Background Essay How Did the Renaissance Change Mans View of Man? The Remains seance was a period of big change in Europe an history y. It was a time of intellectual and groundbreaking scientific advances were made. Over the course of about 300 years , the Renaissance spread from its home base in Italy to western and northern Europe. The effect was like a sunrise making its way across the land. To understand the changes the Renaissance produced, it helps to review what European society was like before it arrived. The time period before the Renaissance is usually called he Middle Ages , which stretched from the fall of the Roman Empire around 500 CE to about 1350. During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catch lick Church and the Pope were the primary players in Europe. The custodians of culture that is, the people who owned most of the books and made handwritten copies of the Bible were priests who often lived a closed existence inside the walls of monasteries. School s were few. Illiteracy was widespread. Most of the population, more than 85 percent, was peasant farmers called serfs who worked for a lord and his estate. Serfs were little more than slaves. Both serfs and their masters looked to the Catch lick Church and the Bible to explain the world. The art and literature that existed focused on Jesus Christ and sin. In the asses, important changes began to happen. Improved farming methods helped peasants become more self-sufficient. More and more serfs gained their freedom and no longer depended on lord s. Some freed serfs migrated to towns, where they took up trades. The nun these people needed to have an education to effectively carry on their work, literacy spread. Eventually, educated people began to question the teachings of the Church. A movement called humanism developed, which praised the beauty and intelligence of the individual. As more people became educated, human ism worked its way into the arts, literature, the sciences, and medicine. The early Renaissance was especially vigor us in the city-states of Italy place s like Rome , Venice, Florence, and Milan. The invention of the printing press in the mid-asses gave the Re nuisance and humanism even more momentum. Initially, the Remains seance was an upper-middle class movement, but thank s to the mechanization of printing, shopkeepers and street sweepers were able ewe ideas spreading acre ss Europe. As a result, people started to look at themselves in a new way. But what, exactly, was this new way? Examine the documents that follow and answer the question: How did the Renaissance change man s view of man ? 435 Background Essay Questions 1 . What is the meaning of the word renaissance? Describe the time period known as the Renaissance. 2. In general terms, how would you describe the Middle Ages? 3. Why did educate on start to increase during the BOOS? 4. Why was the printing press so important to the spread of the Arena seance and animist thinking? 5. Define these term s: Middle Ages monasteries illiteracy serfs humanism 1324 CE Mans MUSM begins HaJJ to Mecca. 1433 Sheen He makes a final voyage to Africa. 1453 Byzantine Empire falls. 1455 Gutenberg prints 180 Bibles. 1503 Leonardo dad Vinci completes the Mona Lisa. 1601 Shakespeare writes Hamlet. 37 Understanding the Question and Pre-Bucketing Understanding the Question 1 . What is the analytical question asked by this Mini-Q? 2. What terms in the question need to be defined? 3. Rewrite the question in your own words. Pre-Bucketing Directions: Using any clues from the Mini-Q question and the document title s on the cover page , create possible analytical categories and label the buckets. 0 201 1 The DB projec t 439 Document A Sources: Images: Madonna Enthroned Between Two Angels by Disco did Obnoxiousness; Mona Lisa by Leonardo dad Vinci. .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5 , .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5 .postImageUrl , .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5 , .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5:hover , .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5:visited , .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5:active { border:0!important; } .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5:active , .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5 .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u703ed7006597886410073cbbc6b3a9c5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Life During the English Renaissance EssayText: Theodore Arab, The Last Days of the Renaissance The March to Modernity, Basic Books, 2006. Note: The painting on the left was done in the late asses by the Italian artist Disco did Obnoxiousness. During the Middle Ages, most paintings had religious subject matter. The painting on the eight, the Mona Lisa, was made by the Renaissance artist and scholar Leonardo dad Vinci in the early asses. The evidence of the break with medieval culture comes from the visual arts. It] was the essence of the Renaissance One begins to know the names of the natural folds in drapery, and three-dimensional figures; and one begins to notice the em phasis on symbolic representation giving way to depictions of recognizable scenes the new artistic styles would echo the broader movements and interests of the new age Neither the techniques nor the forms of artistic expression were to be the same again. Document Analysis 1 . What were the names of the artists who created these two paintings and when was each painted? 1st artist -2nd artist Date painted -Date painted 2. Which of the two paintings is a Renaissance painting? 3. Using hints from the text excerpt, describe at least three ways in which the paintings are different. 4. How do these two paintings show that, during the Renaissance, mans view of man was changing? 441 Document B Source: Excerpt from an English play called Everyman , written by an unknown author in 1485. Note: Though written in 1485, which was during the Renaissance period , Hess lines carry a message right out of the Middle Ages. Source: Excerpt from Act II, Scene II of Hamlet by William Shakespeare, 1601. 1. Who is Everyman? 2. How do Everyman ideas about sin change as he gets older? 3. Who is the Heaven- King and what is the general reckoning? 4. What does Shakespeare mean when he says, What a piece of work is a man! ? 6. How do these two passages show how the Renaissance changed man s view of man? 0 2011 The DB project Renaissance Mini-O Document C Source: Drawings of the universe by Claudia Ptolemy (circa 100 CE) and Nicolas Copernicus (circa 1500). Note: Ptolemy (toll-eh-MME) was a Roman astronomer who lived in Alexandria, Egypt, about 100 years after the time of Jesus. He developed a theory of the universe that was adopted by most scholars during the Middle Ages. The POI sis astronomer Nicolas Copernicus lived from 1473 to 1543. Relying mostly on mathematics, he developed a very different understanding of the universe. Geocentric means earth-centered and heliocentric means sun-centered. The Geocentric Universe of Ptolemy The Heliocentric Universe of Copernicus (Solid) in his diagram? 2. According to Copernicus diagram, how does the universe work? . The ideas of Copernicus were upsetting to the Catholic Church. What might explain this? 4. How might the ideas of Copernicus have influenced the way people thought about the nature of man and mans place in the universe? 445 Document D Source: A woodcut called Zodiac Man from a book by German astronomer Johann Registrations, 1 512, and a woodcut from the anatomy book On the Makeup of the Human Body by Belgian physician Andrea Vesuvius,1 543. Note: The image on the left reflects the Middle Ages belief that each sign of the zodiac governed a certain part of the body. For example , the constellation of stars called Aries the Ram controlled the head ; Sagittarius the Archer con trolled the thighs. The illustration on the right was based on the research done by Andrea Vesuvius , who dissected human corpses to better explain the human body to his medical students. The zodiac is a band of 12 groups of constellations (stars) that stretch across the sky. 1. Which of the drawings is more real stick? Explain. 2. During medieval times, what was widely believed to control the health and well being of different parts of the body? Give an example. 3. What do you suppose Vesuvius thought of the zodiac theory of anatomy ? 4 . .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80 , .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80 .postImageUrl , .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80 , .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80:hover , .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80:visited , .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80:active { border:0!important; } .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80:active , .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80 .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u000ffbd640388369a2ba9cdee8a9fd80:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Machiavelli and Renaissance philosophyHow did Vesuvius get hi s information about the makeup of the human body ? 5. How does this document show how the Renaissance changed mans view of man ? 0 2011 The O BOB project Bucketing Getting Ready to Write Bucketing Look over all the documents and organize them into your final buckets. Write labels under each bucket and place the letters of the documents in the buckets where they belong. Plan out either a three- or four- body paragraph essay. Thesis Development and Road Map On the chicken foot below, write your thesis and your road map. Your thesis is always an opinion that answer s the Mini-Q question. The road map is created from your bucket labels and lists the topic areas you will examine in order to prove your thesis s. 449 From Thesis to Essay Writing Mini-Q Essay Outline Guide Working Title Paragraph #1 Grabber Background Stating the question with key terms defined Thesis and road map Paragraph #2 Baby The sis for bucket one Evidence: supporting detail from documents with document citation Argument: connecting evidence to the thesis Paragraph #3 Baby The sis for bucket two Evidence Argument

Theme of Conflict in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

Theme of Conflict in Romeo and Juliet Essay Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeares most famous and popular plays. It tells the story of two starcrossd lovers and addresses such themes as Romance but also tragedy. However it also contains themes of violence/conflict/death. The play begins with a prologue which is kind of a summary of the play but doesnt give all the details of the play away to the audience as it includes the setting of the play and a bit of background information. Then a fued is introduced straight away between the younger generation of the two rival families which are the Montagues and the Capulets. We will write a custom essay on Theme of Conflict in Romeo and Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I am going to examine the theme of conflict in Act 1 Scene 1 and Act 3 Scene 5. Here we have the opening scene set in Verona. With bawdy banter, Sampson and Gregory discuss their hatred towards the house of Montague and spot two Montagues and discuss about provoking a fight without breaking the law. Sampson bites his thumb at the Montagues which is seen as a highly insulting gesture which results a fight breaking out. In shakespearean times, Women were seen as a mans possession and had no right to an education. Women back then were to have children and look after the house. Prostitution was quite big back then and it relates to Gregory and Sampson, talking of raping Montague women. Stage direction are used throughout the play. They fight is an example of one one which is used in this scene just after Tybalt expresses his opinion towards Peace. As soon as They Fight appears, that is the point where it gets physical and brutal. After Prince Escalus has mad his speech on the brawl the Montagues and Capulets realise that they cant fight anymore as a death penalty has been instituted. Prince Escalus just wants Verona to be a land of not war but peace. In the next scene i am going to examine, we see conflict but in a different way as it is between father and daughter (Lord Capulet and Juliet). Just after Romeo has fleed into exile, Lady Capulet tells Juliet about Capulet’s plan for her to marry Paris on Thursday, explaining that he wishes to make her happy. Juliet is appalled. She rejects the match, saying â€Å"I will not marry yet; and when I do, I swear / It shall be Romeo—whom you know I hate— Rather than Paris† (3. 5. 121–123). Capulet enters the chamber. When he learns of Juliet’s determination to defy him he becomes enraged and threatens to disown Juliet if she refuses to obey him. When Juliet entreats her mother to intercede, her mother denies her help. This scene is more about the violent language and behaviour of the father to his daughter as it is seen as abuse. Capulet shouts horrible remarks at Juliet such as D isobedient wretch! . This is because she had disobeyed her father. Capulet had made his word clear to Paris that Juliet will marry him and in them days what the man in the house said goes and for Juliet to disobey her father is seen as an insult. In them days, you didnt marry for love but for security and your father would choose someone suitable. Capulet feels as though Juliet should be grateful that he has found a perfect match for her. The language of the father towards Juliet kind of contrasts towards Gregory and Sampsons dicussion about raping Montague women as both seem to put women in a lower class as it was like that back then. The play Romeo and Juliet has to have a conflict because; it is one of the main themes in the play. The disagreements and fight between the two family, that is Capulet and he Montague, their children Romeo and Juliet who truly were in love with each other end up dying. So, after this incident, the quarrels stop between the two families. The whole play starts because of the mutual hostility and conflict between the Capulet and the Montague and ends with tragedy of two lovers. .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 , .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .postImageUrl , .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 , .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534:hover , .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534:visited , .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534:active { border:0!important; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534:active , .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Susan Glaspells Trifles EssayThe abundant swordplay throughout the play affects the theme of conflict used in ? Romeo and Juliet?. In this play, there are spontaneous actions of the characters rather than their thoughts. There are many types of conflicts to be appeared in this play such as family conflicts society conflicts and generation conflicts. When lady Capulet wants Juliet to marry Paris but Juliet wants to marry Romeo, appears to be a conflict between them. There is also conflict in the two families and their general relationship with their children.

Love and Person Essays

Love and Person Essays Love and Person Essay Love and Person Essay Love has a definition- a profoundly tender, passionate affection for another person- but yet has so many different meanings. Thesauruscoping demonstrates the different meanings in which the word Love can deliver. The synonym of Love, Adoration, does not necessarily mean that these words have the same meaning. The definition of Adoration is the act of paying honor, as to a divine being or to worship. These words can be isolated from each other by meaning because they are two different descriptions. Love is an emotion and Adoration is a way of acting towards another. For example, there may be someone who loves to go to church every Sunday, being a part of their daily routine, but has adoration for God, meaning to worship and pay honor to what they believe in. The antonym for Love, however, does not have to be opposite but can have the same meaning as Love. An antonym for Love is Jealous meaning inclined to or troubled by suspicions or fears of rivalry, unfaithfulness, as in love or aims. These two words can have the same meaning, for example, a boy and a girl are head-over-heels in love with each other but the boy may have feelings for another person leaving the girl extremely jealous. This demonstrates that jealousy is expressed in love because the girl would not have been jealous unless she undoubtedly loved the boy. Thesauruscoping can show that a meaning of a word can be expressed in many different ways. Stress testing can prove ways in which a word can be used into a different context. Love can be expressed in many different ways either if it is physically or emotionally. An example of a way in which Love can be expressed is when a girl goes to her favorite mall, looking for that one bracelet she can spoil herself with, and after looking for hours, which seemed like days, she discovers the bracelet she desired and loves it. This example of love is displaying that the girl is expressing her love for an object and not emotionally for a specific person. Another way in which Love can be expressed is when a couple is sitting on the fairly-warm sand, snuggled together, keeping each other warm, watching the sun in the bright, blue sky as it goes down and one of them says to the other â€Å"I love you† for the first time. This kind of Love that is being expressed is illustrating the emotional kind of love towards another person rather than an object. Loving an object rather than a person is different because an object doesn’t reveal emotion and personality, nothing but the physical features. Emotion and personality are the major components of why a person loves another, but physical attraction is also a reason but very minor. By analyzing the different ways in which Love can be used, the distinctive meanings of this word is additionally known. Personification is the method in which a certain emotion is given a human-like quality. There are endless numbers of ways in which Love can be personified. Love is used and/or seen in a person’s every day life. Love is a person that is seen to be always happy-go-lucky, full of life, and caring about other people rather than himself. Love texts his girlfriend saying â€Å"goodnight† before he sleeps and â€Å"good morning† as soon as he wakes. He comes to her home, knocks on the door, and brings flowers and soup when his girlfriend is sick. Love is not able to sleep at night, knowing that his loved one is out with her friends; because he is afraid something will happen to her and would die if he lost her, emotionally or physically. He calls her back after she hangs up on him because of a silly argument that was taken place, although it was all her fault. Love doesn’t know what he would do if his loved one left him because he is unable to see one second of his life without her in it. Love is most likely to get along with anybody because he never has anything negative to say and is friendly to whoever approaches him. He puts other people’s desires and needs before his own. Personification gave Love human-like qualities making the word more understandable. An unknown author quoted love: â€Å"True Love burns the brightest, but the brightest flames leave the deepest scars. † In this quote, the author is not only trying to warn the readers about love, but also to inform that love is very strong and important in people’s lives. This quote is explaining that being in love is one of the greatest feelings, but when it all comes to an end, the great feeling drops rapidly to feeling the worst. The scars indicate the memories that were experienced in a certain love and will stay with them forever. The memories may have been the greatest but the scars leave a big impact on a person’s life. For example, there were two people madly in love with each other. They did everything together and there was nothing to get in their way of loving each other. Until one day, as they grew older, one person from the happy couple passed away, leaving a heart broken person behind. Being left with the memories, with no one to share them with, must have been the hardest experience throughout the relationship. This illustrates how love can become a big impact on someone’s life and to not take it for granted. Love is an important because without love, life would have no meaning or purpose.

2. How did global trade patterns and relations Essay

2. How did global trade patterns and relations - Essay Example Trade patterns started changing from 1450. At this time, the trade routes were mainly internationally focused. The exchange was mainly among Europe, Africa and Asia. The trade was mainly across some overland ways in addition to sea routes across the pacific, the Indian and meticulously the Atlantic ocean. These seaways were particularly very important mostly for the slave trade (Riad et al. 6). However, as time passed by the Americans also started to involve themselves in trade. This was by 1750. Soon the Pacific Ocean also became a sea full of trading activities. The world’s geographical position changed fundamentally; however, the trade routes remained the same. Many visitors came to Africa in 19th century, and they settled along the coastline. The visitors came from Portugal, china, and Europe. They brought goods such as porcelain, corn, glassware and clothes. When the visitors came and realized that the blacks country had raw materials, they began shipping cotton, silver, gold, oil back to their countries. They also manufactured goods with the materials and sold the finished products to the Africans Additionally, the relations between different countries also changed. The Europeans particularly came in the eighteenth century and started colonizing African states. The Africans started viewing the white man as a conquer, superior to them. Language barriers were also broken. This is because the explorers such as Dr. Livingstone learned the local languages and started communicating with the locals. The local’s also learned French, English as well as Portuguese. This improved on the relations of the Africa and the white men. The Blackman also became very dependent on the white man (Held and Mc Grew 16). The major triggers of these changes in trade routes, as well as the improvement of relations, were missionary work. Missionaries traveled to many places in a bid of spreading the gospel. They were able to discover new places, as well as trading

Islamic women and Education Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Islamic women and Education - Research Proposal Example Schoeter Susanne (178) explains from a personal and woman’s perspective that women like her need education and needs to be involved in policy making process on decisions that include education, a voice that identify a woman’s role in advocating for women’s interests in education. Fatima Al-Fihri is another woman who contributed to education in the ancient periods, establishing University of Al Karaouine in North Africa while Dafiya Khatun constructed theology schools in the Middle East (Women’s Iislmic Initiative in Spirituality and Equality 1). Roles of Nyai Abida in education are also evident in academic administration in Pesantren Seblak (Srimulyani 100) and women like Ahl-al-Aaqil played active roles as educators (Falola & Amponsah 83, 84). The active role in education continues and is evident in the positions of Muslim women in South Africa’s academic institutions (Lovat 186). In addition, women seem to play a significant role in self-motivatio n into education. Even though environmental factors may affect ability of Muslim women to advance in education, the women mediate effects of these factors (Oplatka 341, 342). Respecting personal domain as a Muslim is another reported motivational factor to the women’s education (Laar, Derks, & Ellemers 70, 71). Existing literature suggest significant women’s role in education and this transverses across history. A study is therefore necessary on trend of the women’s roles in education across history and by regions. Laar, Colette, Derks, Belle, & Ellemers, Naomi. â€Å"Motivation for education and work among young Muslim women: The importance of value for ingroup domains.† Basic & Applied Social Psychology 35.1 (2013): 64-74. Print. Oplatka, Izhar & Orit. â€Å"Muslim women in graduate studies: Some insights into the accessibility of higher education for minority women students.† Studies in Higher Education 37.3 (2012): 327-344. Print. Women’s Islamic Initiative in

Subsurface Layer Characterisation Research

Subsurface Layer Characterisation Research SUBSURFACE LAYER CHARACTERISATION FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES USING VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING IN BANANA ISLAND, LAGOS, NIGERIA OLADUNJOYE, H.T., 2OLALEYE, A.O. ABSTRACT Seven (7) vertical electrical sounding stations along two traverses were used to study the depth to competent formation for foundation of engineering structures in Banana Island of Lagos. The study is meant to unravel the presence of problem soils that can be inimical to structures.   The sounding data used in this study was acquired using Schlumberger Electrode Configuration. The VES data were interpreted into a model curve using forward modelling software called Winglink. The interpretation parameters (layer resistivities and thicknesses) for each VES point were grouped into three geo-electric sections to represent the 2-D models of the subsurface layers in the study area. The final interpretation results (resistivities and depths) modelled as geoelectrical sections and pseudosections were compared within the surveyed area and correlated with the borehole log-derived depths to determine a probable depth for foundations of high rise building. The study concluded that the geophysical investigation is of great significance in partial curve matching interpretation technique gives the most consistently low percentage deviation error margins amongst the three VES preliminary interpretation techniques. There is consistent increase in depth prediction error, with depth, in all the interpretation techniques. INTRODUCTION Geophysical resistivity techniques are based on the response of the earth to the flow of electrical current. In all methods, an electrical current is passed through the ground and the resulting potential electrodes allow us to record the resultant potential difference between the current electrode is measured. The apparent resistivity is then a function of the measured impedance (ratio of potential to current) and the geometry of the electrode array. Depending upon the survey geometry, the apparent resistivity data are plotted as 1-D soundings, 1-D profiles, or in 2- D cross-sections in order to look for anomalous regions. In the shallow subsurface, the presence of water controls much of the conductivity variation. Measurement of resistivity (inverse of conductivity) is, in general, a measure of water saturation and connectivity of pore space. This is because water has a low resistivity and electric current will follow the path of least resistance. Increasing saturation, increasing salinity of the underground water, increasing porosity of rock (water-filled voids) and increasing number of fractures (water-filled) all tend to decrease measured resistivity. Resistivity measurements are associated with varying depths depending on the separation of the current and potential electrodes in the survey, and can be interpreted in terms of a lithologic and/or geohydrologic model of the subsurface. The choice for Direct Current (DC) resistivity survey in this project is as a result of its ability to provide a quick synoptic picture of lithological and groundwater characteristics in terms of its apparent resistivity contrast. In this work the electrical resistivity character collected were model with Winresist and Winglink inversion software. The layers parameters (resistivities and thicknesses) obtained from data processing were then inverted with Winglink to provide two-dimensional images of the subsurface apparent resistivity variation (Pseudosection). However, knowledge on the geology of the area from acquired borehole log has played a vital role in determining the best fit model. MATERIALS AND METHOD OF STUDY The vertical electrical resistivity is used to determine the subsurface resistivity distribution and depth of the sub-surface layers with the aid of electrical resistivity meter. In this study, Schlumberger array of electrical resistivity method was adopted because of the low cost of the field operation, reduced logistics man power and also faster. A total of Six (6) vertical electrical sounding (VES) were measured within the area. The resistivity measurement is taken by introducing small portion of electricity through two current electrodes (A and B) and measuring the resultant voltage drop between a pair of potential electrodes (M and N). A simple calculated value of apparent resistivity is the parameter bearing the information for the characteristics of the subsoil (Tonkov, 2008). From the foundation of electrical resistivity theory is the ohms law (Grant and West, 1965; Dobrin and Sarvit, 1988):            Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (1) Where Ï  is the resistivity, R is the resistance, L is the length of the conducting cylinder and A is the cross sectional area. For the solid earth, whose material is predominantly made up of silicates and basically non conductors, the presence of water in the pore space of the soil and in the rocks fractures enhances the conductivity of the earth when an electrical current I is passed through it, thus making the rocks a semi conductor.   Since the earth is not like a straight wire and it is not an anisotropic, then Equation 1 can be customized as:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (2) Where change in voltage and r is is the radius of current electrodes hemisphere. Since the earth is not homogeneous, Equation 2 is used to define an apparent resistivity which is computed as the product of the geometric factor and the resistance recorded in the electrical resistivity meter and resistivity the earth would have if it were homogeneous (Grant and West, 1965;):   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (3) Where, 2Ï€r is then define as the geometric factor (G) fixed for a given electrode configuration and is dependent on the electrode arrangement. The Schlumberger electrode configuration was used for this study. The geometric factor is thus given as:   Ã‚  Ã‚   (4) Where AB is the distance between two current electrodes, MN is the distance between two potential electrodes. LOCATION AND GEOLOGY OF THE STUDY AREA The study area is located in the south-eastern part of Lagos State between Latitudes 6 ° 25 to 6 ° 28 North of the Equator and Longitudes 3 ° 24 to 3 ° 30 East of the Greenwich Meridian (Fig.1.1). The study area Lekki and its environ issituated within the western Nigeria coastal creeks and lagoon developed by barrier beaches associated with sand deposition (Pugh, 1954). It forms part of the Lagos lagoon system known as the largest of the four lagoon system in the gulf of guinea coast (Adepelumi and Olorunfemi, 2000). Banana Island is an artificial island in Lagos State, Nigeria. It is located in the Lagos Lagoon and attached to the North-Eastern Ikoyi Island by a dedicated road strip which is linked to the existing road network. The banana-shaped Island is approximately 1,630,000 square metres in size (less than a square mile) and is divided into 536 plots (of between 1000 and 4000 square metres in size) mainly arranged along cul-de-sacs, so designed to enhance the historically residential nature of Ikoyi. Banana Island is an artificial island reclaimed from portions of the Lagos Lagoon, topographic elevation obtained at the site averaged 4 metres above mean sea level. The study area is located within the coastal region of Nigeria with a climate of long wet season (April to October) and short dry season (November to March). Average annual precipitation is above 2000mm and serves as a source of groundwater recharge. The area is susceptible to flooding after heavy rainfall during the wet season. Nigeria lies in an extensive Pan-African mobile belt which separates the West African and Congo Cratons. The belt is interpreted to have evolved from the continental collision between the West African craton and the Pan-African belt (Black et al., 1979; Caby et al., 1981). Geochronologically, the Precambrian rocks of Nigeria can be grouped into four major classes (Liberian Orogeny 2800  ± 200 Ma, Eburnean Orogeny 2000  ± 200 Ma, Kibaran Orogeny 1100  ± 200 Ma and The Pan-African Orogeny 600  ± 150 Ma). These classes correspond with the four orogenic events that have punctuated the Precambrian history of Africa (Odeyemi, 1979). Figure 2.1: Regional Geological Map of Nigeria (Modified after Ajibade et al., 1988) Coastal Nigeria comprises two sedimentary basins: The Benin-Dahomey basin and the Niger Delta basin separated by the Okitipupa ridge. The rocks of the Benin basin are mainly sands and shales with some limestone which thicken towards the west and the coast as well as down dips to the coast. Recent sediments are underlain by the Coastal Plains Sands which is then underlain by a thick clay layer the Ilaro Formation and other older Formations (Jones and Hockey, 1964). The Coastal Plains Sands aquifer is a multi-aquifer system consisting of three aquifer horizons separated by silty or clayey layers (Longe et al., 1987). It is the main aquifer in Lagos Metropolis that is exploited through boreholes for domestic and industrial water supply. The sedimentary rocks of Lagos State are composed of five (5) sedimentary formations (Jones and Hockey, 1964) viz: Abeokuta Formation, Ewekoro Formation, Ilaro Formation, the Coastal Plains Sands and the alluvial deposits. The coastal plains sand also known as the Benin Formation stretches across the Dahomey basin into the Niger Delta Basin. The geological formations of the study area composed of sediments laid down under fluviate, lascustrine and marine environments. These sediments grade into one another and vary widely in lateral extent and thickness (Adepelumi and Olorunfemi 2000). Longe et al., (1987) classified the aquifer into three types. Quantitative interpretation of the curves involved partial curve matching using two-layer Schlumberger master curves and the auxiliary K, Q, A and H curves. Output from the quantitative interpretation was modelled using computer iteration. The Resist Version 1.0 interpretation software was used for iteration and presentation of the curves (see Figures 3a f). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The apparent resistivities from the field plotted on a log-log graph survey against the corresponding half Schlumberger electrode spacing was interpreted using the computer iteration technique. The initial model was deriving by winresist software by entering layer parameters from partial curve process as the starting parameters. The resulting models were then iterated till the best fit curve as attained. In all, there was a large value for root mean square (r.m.s) error resulting mostly from the scattered point data observed where half Schlumberger electrode spacing is greater than 32m. In order to view the resistivity distribution of the whole surveyed area, the result of the soundings data linearly and vertically interpolated into two dimensional pseudosections. The borehole records from the geo-technical investigation were used as a control in interpreting the VES data acquired in this study. Interpretation of the geo-electric curves was essentially based on the fact that resistive materials constitutes zones of interest for engineering construction, considering that clay and organic materials are conductive and typified by low resistivity values(reference). The outputs from the manual interpretation were modelled using computer iterations. Resist Version 1.0 software was utilized for the iterations. The curve types obtained are 3 layer H (VES 1), 4 layer QH (VES 2, VES 3 and VES 6) and 5 layer QHK (VES 4 and VES 5), as shown in Figures 3a f. VES 1 and VES 6 with RMS-error (Root Mean Square) of 11.7 and 10.4 respectively present better quality data than VES 2 to VES 5 with RMS-error ranging from 12.7 to 20.8, thus the interpretation of the geo-electric curves at VES 1 and VES 6, present more reliable results. From the iteration of VES 1, depth to competent bedrock (sand) is 39.6 metres, while depth to competent (sand) layer at VES 6 is 39.8 metres, this is signified by the rising segment of the curve at both VES stations, typified by a relatively resistive material (5 105 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦-m). CONCLUSION This paper describes the possibility of locating a competent formation for high rise building in area around Banana Island Ikoyi using Schlumberger array. The results of the interpretation of field survey reveal only the presence such formation in depth close to 10m. At this depth saturated sandy clay can be obtain virtually for all the VES stations. This saturated sandy clay formation provides good foundation support for any high rise due to the fact that the liquefaction potential is very low compare to all other formation inferred from geologic section. REFERENCE Alile, M.O., S.I. Jegede and O.M. Ehigiator, 2008. Underground water exploration using electrical resistivity method in Edo State, Nigeria. Asian J. Earth Sci., 1: 38-42. Anderson, N. L. Selection of Appropriate Geophysical Techniques: A Generalized Protocol Based on Engineering Objectives and Site Characteristics. Proc., 2006 Highway Geophysics- NDE Conference, 2006, pp. 29-47. Available at http://2006geophysics.mst.edu/. Anderson, N. L., A. M. Ismail, and T. Thitimakorn. Ground-Penetrating Radar: A Tool for Monitoring Bridge Scour. Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, Vol. 13, 2007, pp. 1-10. Dobrin, M.B. and C.H. Savit, 1988. Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting. 4th Edn., McGraw Hill Book Co., New York. Dogara, M.D., B.M. Dewu and C.O. Ajayi, 1998. Groundwater potential of Romi, Kaduna. Nig. J. Physics., 10: 85-90. Grant, F.S. and G.F., West, 1965. Interpretation Theory in Applied Geophysics. McGraw-Hill, New York. Nwankwo L.I., P.I. Olasehinde and E.B. Babatunde, 2004. The use of electrical resistivity pseudo-section in elucidating the geology of an east-west profile in the basement complex terrain of Ilorin, West-Central Nigeria. Nig. J. Pure Applied Sci., 19: 1672-1682. Olasehinde, P.I., 1999. An integrated geological and geophysical exploration for groundwater in the basement complex of west central Nigeria. Water Resourses, 10: 46-49. Olasehinde, P.I., A.E. Annor and P.C. Pal, 1986. A geological evaluation of a prospective site for a weir on river Oyun, Ilorin, Nigeria. 7. Angew Geowiss, 8: 83-90. Olorunfemi, M.O and S.A. Fasoyi, 1993. Aquifer types and the geoelectric/hydrogeologic characteristics of part of the central basement terrain of Nigeria (Niger State). J. Afr. Earths Sci., 16: 309-317. Plummer, C.C., D. McGeory and D.H. Carlson, 1999. Physical Geology. 8th Edn., McGraw Hill Co. Inc., New York, pp: 48-56. Rabiu, A.B, I. A. Adimula, K. Yumoto, J. O. Adeniyi and G. Maeda, 2009. Preliminary results from the magnetic field measurements using MAGDAS at Ilorin, Nigeria. Earth Moon Planets, 104: 173-179. Rahaman, M.A., 1973. Review of the Basement Geology of South Western Nigeria. In: Geology of Nigeria, Kobe, C.A. (Ed.). 2 Edn., Rockview Publishers, Jos, Nigeria. Singh, K.K.K., A.K.S. Singh, K.B. Singh and A. Sinha, 2006. 2D resistivity imaging survey for siting water-supply tube wells in metamorphic terrains: A case study of CMRI campus, Dhanbad, India. The Leading Edge, 25: 1458-1460

Priming Theory Essay

Mass media has the capability to influence people to think based on the media concepts that have been presented to them. In thousands of images that people see on media sources everyday, the strong recall of each image leave marks on the minds of the viewers or readers which often lead to the conclusion that mass media is the influential and powerful tool to deliver messages to the mainstream. From entertainment to business purposes, media plays a very important role in the society. The public does not always notice the strong effects of persuasive advertisements or well-narrated news story presented by media; however, the increasing demands determine the impacts of these media concepts to the people in all aspects. People buy a certain product because of the appealing commercial on television. People conform to the latest fashion trends because the models and endorsers on the magazines. People vote for a certain politician because of constant release of propaganda through newspapers. These are just few of the many examples showing the strong effects of mass media to the public. Even though the people are often unaware of these influential demands and plain consumerism, the society still relies on the ability and credibility of mass media for providing information that would help each cluster function well in the society. This concept has an accurate explanation from the mass communication theorists. The pictures that people see on screen and magazine pages and the attitude of people prior to and upon seeing those images have been discussed and given explanations for the society’s better understanding. Priming is one of the theories that would explain the media concepts and effects of media images to the public. Apparently, the concept of priming will be most effective to examine in the light of other theories in the field of communication like framing and agenda setting. These theories would help the people to understand the concept of priming and its focus on media messages. The Priming Theory During election campaign period, much propaganda are being released on popular media sources like television, radio, newspapers, and even magazines to inform and update the public about the event. Typically, this is the hardest period for the politicians because this is the time when they need to build a rapport with the mainstream and make them aware about their candidacy. This is also the period when the mass media plays a very important role to make them reach the anticipated position in the society (Burstein, 1991). The dissemination of information creates a strong recall to the mainstream and the salient issues on media become the center of attention of the public. Since the awareness of the people is being determined on their level of media exposure and participation, the constant release of advertisements and promotions are done by the politicians to reach all the target people. It has been mentioned that the concept of priming can be explained with the use of other theories; in fact, agenda setting theory serves as the umbrella of priming. Agenda setting suggests that mass media may not be successful in telling the people what to think; however it has been successful in telling the mainstream what to think about. Mass media may not tell people to buy a certain product but the advertisements on television and billboards would affect the behavior of the consumers because of its persuasive appeal. In agenda setting, the media does not command people to conform but rather present the idea alone and let the people do the rest (Birkland, 1998). In other words, the media shows images in a way the people would easily get the messages that are being conveyed on media concepts. According to agenda setting theory, the media highlight a certain issue or certain part of the controversy to make the people put too much attention on the salient issues rather than to those issues that media considers as less important. Apparently, issues help to develop the perceptions of people toward reality. They provide typical categories which organized the knowledge of the mainstream and their experiences in a large semantic framework relevant for communication in the community.

Introduction to Quality Assurance

One of the important aspects of any healthcare organization is the quality assurance mechanism.   Any healthcare organization would have to be professionally competent, ensuring that the processes in the organization would ultimately ensure the safety of the services provided.   The organization should develop an effective strategy of handling the quality issues. It is important that the administrators understand the importance of quality, develop a quality assurance program, implement it in a phased manner over a period of time, release resources needed for quality assurance, utilize appropriate quality tools, develop and maintain processes and develop an appropriate auditing system.   Some of the quality assurance tools utilized include management tools, presentation tools and statistical analysis tools.   Some of the process deployment tools include marketing tools, tools for changing behavior, etc (Software Certifications, 2006). As healthcare sector is a vital industry, it is very important that quality assurance is given prime importance by the organization.   One of the very important aspects is customer satisfaction and reducing risk.   Protection of patients is the most important aspect of quality assurance.   However, not less important is to ensure that cost-effectiveness and responsive attitude is maintained.   All these significantly contribute towards bringing about patient satisfaction (LRQA, 2003). Some of the measures that may be required for quality assurance include:- Having a quality assurance program in priority areas Responding to the needs of the public appropriately Identifying means by which costs can be reduced and implementing a strategy to save costs Developing best practices mechanisms Accreditation in order to improve quality standards Not only achieving certain quality standards but upgrading them frequently Having an effective decision-making and problem-solving process in the organization (Gonzalez, 2006). References: Gonzalez, M. (2006). â€Å"Health Care Sector Reform and Quality Assurance in Costa Rica.’ Retrieved on April 11, 2008, from QA Project Web site: http://www.qaproject.org/pubs/PDFs/costarica.pdf Lloyd’s Register Quality Assurance Limited (2003). â€Å"Quality in the healthcare sector.† Retrieved on April 11, 2008, from LRQA Review Web site: http://www.lrqa.fr/frsite/content/pdf/rev0603.pdf Software Certifications (2006). â€Å"2006 CSQA Body of Knowledge.† Retrieved on April 11, 2008, from Software Certifications Web site: http://www.softwarecertifications.org/csqabok/csqa6cbok4.htm

Fermion Definition in Physics

In particle physics, a fermion is a type of particle that obeys the rules of Fermi-Dirac statistics, namely the Pauli Exclusion Principle. These fermions also have a quantum spin with contains a half-integer value, such as 1/2, -1/2, -3/2, and so on. (By comparison, there are other types of particles, called bosons, that have an integer spin, such as 0, 1, -1, -2, 2, etc.) What Makes Fermions So Special Fermions are sometimes called matter particles, because they are the particles that make up most of what we think of as physical matter in our world, including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Fermions were first predicted in 1925 by the physicist Wolfgang Pauli, who was trying to figure out how to explain the atomic structure proposed in 1922 by Niels Bohr. Bohr had used experimental evidence to build an atomic model which contained electron shells, creating stable orbits for electrons to move around the atomic nucleus. Though this matched well with the evidence, there was no particular reason why this structure would be stable and thats the explanation that Pauli was trying to reach. He realized that if you assigned quantum numbers (later named quantum spin) to these electrons, then there seemed to be some sort of principle which meant that no two of the electrons could be in exactly the same state. This rule became known as the Pauli Exclusion Principle. In 1926, Enrico Fermi and Paul Dirac independently tried to understand other aspects of seemingly-contradictory electron behavior and, in doing so, established a more complete statistical way of dealing with electrons. Though Fermi developed the system first, they were close enough and both did enough work that posterity has dubbed their statistical method Fermi-Dirac statistics, though the particles themselves were named after Fermi himself. The fact that fermions cannot all collapse into the same state - again, thats the ultimate meaning of the Pauli Exclusion Principle - is very important. The fermions within the sun (and all other stars) are collapsing together under the intense force of gravity, but they cannot fully collapse because of the Pauli Exclusion Principle. As a result, there is a pressure generated that pushes against the gravitational collapse of the stars matter. It is this pressure which generates the solar heat that fuels not only our planet but so much of the energy in the rest of our universe ... including the very formation of heavy elements, as described by stellar nucleosynthesis. Fundamental Fermions There are a total of 12 fundamental fermions - fermions that arent made up of smaller particles - that have been experimentally identified. They fall into two categories: Quarks - Quarks are the particles that make up hadrons, such as protons and neutrons. There are 6 distinct types of quarks:Up QuarkCharm QuarkTop QuarkDown QuarkStrange QuarkBottom QuarkLeptons - There are 6 types of leptons:ElectronElectron NeutrinoMuonMuon NeutrinoTauTau Neutrino In addition to these particles, the theory of supersymmetry predicts that every boson would have a so-far-undetected fermionic counterpart. Since there are 4 to 6 fundamental bosons, this would suggest that - if supersymmetry is true - there are another 4 to 6 fundamental fermions that have not yet been detected, presumably because they are highly unstable and have decayed into other forms. Composite Fermions Beyond the fundamental fermions, another class of fermions can be created by combining fermions together (possibly along with bosons) to get a resulting particle with a half-integer spin. The quantum spins add up, so some basic mathematics shows that any particle which contains an odd number of fermions is going to end up with a half-integer spin and, therefore, will be a fermion itself. Some examples include: Baryons - These are particles, like protons and neutrons, that are composed of three quarks joined together. Since each quark has a half-integer spin, the resulting baryon will always have a half-integer spin, no matter which three types of quark join together to form it.Helium-3 - Contains 2 protons and 1 neutron in the nucleus, along with 2 electrons circling it. Since there is an odd number of fermions, the resulting spin is a half-integer value. This means that helium-3 is a fermion as well. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.