2. How did global trade patterns and relations Essay

2. How did global trade patterns and relations - Essay Example Trade patterns started changing from 1450. At this time, the trade routes were mainly internationally focused. The exchange was mainly among Europe, Africa and Asia. The trade was mainly across some overland ways in addition to sea routes across the pacific, the Indian and meticulously the Atlantic ocean. These seaways were particularly very important mostly for the slave trade (Riad et al. 6). However, as time passed by the Americans also started to involve themselves in trade. This was by 1750. Soon the Pacific Ocean also became a sea full of trading activities. The world’s geographical position changed fundamentally; however, the trade routes remained the same. Many visitors came to Africa in 19th century, and they settled along the coastline. The visitors came from Portugal, china, and Europe. They brought goods such as porcelain, corn, glassware and clothes. When the visitors came and realized that the blacks country had raw materials, they began shipping cotton, silver, gold, oil back to their countries. They also manufactured goods with the materials and sold the finished products to the Africans Additionally, the relations between different countries also changed. The Europeans particularly came in the eighteenth century and started colonizing African states. The Africans started viewing the white man as a conquer, superior to them. Language barriers were also broken. This is because the explorers such as Dr. Livingstone learned the local languages and started communicating with the locals. The local’s also learned French, English as well as Portuguese. This improved on the relations of the Africa and the white men. The Blackman also became very dependent on the white man (Held and Mc Grew 16). The major triggers of these changes in trade routes, as well as the improvement of relations, were missionary work. Missionaries traveled to many places in a bid of spreading the gospel. They were able to discover new places, as well as trading

Islamic women and Education Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Islamic women and Education - Research Proposal Example Schoeter Susanne (178) explains from a personal and woman’s perspective that women like her need education and needs to be involved in policy making process on decisions that include education, a voice that identify a woman’s role in advocating for women’s interests in education. Fatima Al-Fihri is another woman who contributed to education in the ancient periods, establishing University of Al Karaouine in North Africa while Dafiya Khatun constructed theology schools in the Middle East (Women’s Iislmic Initiative in Spirituality and Equality 1). Roles of Nyai Abida in education are also evident in academic administration in Pesantren Seblak (Srimulyani 100) and women like Ahl-al-Aaqil played active roles as educators (Falola & Amponsah 83, 84). The active role in education continues and is evident in the positions of Muslim women in South Africa’s academic institutions (Lovat 186). In addition, women seem to play a significant role in self-motivatio n into education. Even though environmental factors may affect ability of Muslim women to advance in education, the women mediate effects of these factors (Oplatka 341, 342). Respecting personal domain as a Muslim is another reported motivational factor to the women’s education (Laar, Derks, & Ellemers 70, 71). Existing literature suggest significant women’s role in education and this transverses across history. A study is therefore necessary on trend of the women’s roles in education across history and by regions. Laar, Colette, Derks, Belle, & Ellemers, Naomi. â€Å"Motivation for education and work among young Muslim women: The importance of value for ingroup domains.† Basic & Applied Social Psychology 35.1 (2013): 64-74. Print. Oplatka, Izhar & Orit. â€Å"Muslim women in graduate studies: Some insights into the accessibility of higher education for minority women students.† Studies in Higher Education 37.3 (2012): 327-344. Print. Women’s Islamic Initiative in